RPG in a Box
Official Documentation

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======Door Scripting======

The purpose of this tutorial is to explain some of the different methods of making a functional door through the use of scripting. It will step you through the process of adding a door to your [[map]] and creating a [[script]] that will allow the player to open the door and subsequently walk through it. Doors are a simple and natural way to add some interaction to your game!

**Note:** This tutorial assumes that you already understand the basics of using the RPG in a Box editors, in particular the [[Voxel Editor]], [[Map Editor]], and [[Script Editor]].

=====Creating the Model=====
You'll first need to build a [[voxel]] model for your door. Create a new [[object]] in the [[Voxel Editor]] and build a door model similar to one of those shown in the examples below. For this tutorial, you'll want to have at least two separate frames, one for the door in its closed state and one in its open state. Most of the examples in this tutorial will be be based on the first type of door shown.

The style, orientation, and positioning all depend on what best matches the existing architecture of your game. For example, the top door in the images below is centered depth-wise since it's designed for a game where the walls take up the entire [[tile]] block. The bottom door is positioned flush with the grid edge since it's designed for a game where the walls are thinner and aligned with the [[tile]] edges.

{{:wiki:door_example_01_closed.png?nolink|}} {{:wiki:door_example_01_open.png?nolink|}}

{{:wiki:door_example_02_closed.png?nolink|}} {{:wiki:door_example_02_open.png?nolink|}}

Be sure to define two [[animation|animations]] of type "Clamp" for the door, one named "open" to trigger the opening [[animation]] and one named "close" to trigger the closing [[animation]]. Even if your model only has one frame for each state like in the examples above, an [[animation]] must be defined to instruct the game to switch the door model to the desired frame.

{{:wiki:door_anim_settings.png?nolink|}}

=====Setting Up the Map=====
Now that your door model is built, it can be added to a [[map]]. Open the desired [[map]] in the [[Map Editor]] and place the door into a wall opening (removing a wall tile if necessary). Then switch into "Connect" mode and set the appropriate navigation path(s) to "Interact Only" so the player can interact with the door from adjacent tiles. See [[Navigation and Interaction]] for more information.

{{:wiki:door_setup_in_map_01.gif?nolink|}}

=====Scripting the Door for One-Time Use=====
To start off with something simple, let's create a [[script]] that will just work once to open the door and keep it in that state. The [[script]] will need to trigger the "open" [[animation]], update the [[navigation_and_interaction|navigation paths]], optionally play a [[sound|sound effect]], then finally remove the [[script]] from the door so the player can no longer interact with it. Two approaches will be explained, one using the [[Replace Navigation]] function, which is more straightforward, and the other using the [[Modify Navigation]] function, which requires more setup but gives you more specific control over the [[navigation_and_interaction|navigation]] changes.

====Method 1: Replace Navigation====
From the [[Map Editor]], right-click the door and open its [[Entity Properties]] dialog. Select "Quick Script" from the "Script" dropdown then click the "Edit" button ({{:wiki:pencil.png?nolink|}}) and type the following [[script]] into the [[Quick Script Builder]].
<code lua>
play_sound("door_open");
play_animation(self, "open");
replace_navigation(self, INTERACT_ONLY, WALK_AND_INTERACT);
set_entity_script(self, "")
</code>

The [[quick script]] will play the "door_open" [[sound|sound effect]], trigger the model's "open" [[animation]], replace any adjacent [[navigation_and_interaction|navigation paths]] of type "Interact Only" (relative to the door's tile) with the type "Walk and Interact", and finally remove the door's [[script]]. The [[Replace Navigation]] function is key, as it will allow the player to pass through the door once the [[script]] has executed.

If you'd prefer, you can also create a visual [[script]] in the [[Script Editor]] and assign it to the door instead of a [[quick script]]. This method of creating the [[script]] as its own file can be useful in cases where it's generic enough to be reusable (i.e. no explicit entity IDs are referenced).

{{:wiki:door_visual_script_01.png?nolink|}}

====Method 2: Modify Navigation====
Alternatively, you can use the [[Modify Navigation]] function instead of the [[Replace Navigation]] function. With this method, you must first assign unique entity IDs to any [[tile|tiles]] needing their navigation modified. As shown in the image below, the [[tile]] on which the door is located has an ID of "door_tile" and the two adjacent [[tile|tiles]] have IDs of "tile01" and "tile02".

{{:wiki:door_tile_ids_01.png?nolink|}}

This version of the [[script]] is very similar to the first one, with the exception of calling the [[Modify Navigation]] function to explicity modify each "connection" between the door's tile and the two adjacent ones to set the navigation type to “Walk and Interact”.

<code lua>
play_sound("door_open");
play_animation(self, "open");
modify_navigation("door_tile", "tile01", WALK_AND_INTERACT);
modify_navigation("door_tile", "tile02", WALK_AND_INTERACT);
set_entity_script(self, "")
</code>

{{:wiki:door_visual_script_02.png?nolink|}}

=====Allowing the Door to Be Toggled=====
The previous [[script|scripts]] work fine for some cases, but most of the time you probably wouldn't want doors to be stuck in an open state. Fortunately we can improve these [[script|scripts]] and allow the door to be toggled between an opened and closed state.

The key to this functionality is maintaining the state of the door in an entity property using [[Set Entity Property]] and checking this property with an "if" statement (or the "Evaluate Condition" node in a visual [[script]]). According to the door's current state, you will trigger the appropriate [[animation]], modify the [[navigation_and_interaction|navigation paths]], and update the entity property with the new state. For example, a property named "open" with a value that gets toggled between true or false could be used to maintain the door's state.

The new versions of the [[script|scripts]] are very similar to the previous ones except there is now a second set of events that can occur to "revert" the door back to a closed state by playing the "close" [[animation]] and changing the [[navigation_and_interaction|navigation paths]] back to their original types.

====Method 1: Replace Navigation====
The improved version of the [[script]] using the [[Replace Navigation]] method is fairly straightforward. We simply swap the navigation types between "Interact Only" and "Walk and Interact" as the door opens and closes.
<code lua>
if self.property["open"] == true then
   play_sound("door_close");
   play_animation(self, "close");
   replace_navigation(self, WALK_AND_INTERACT, INTERACT_ONLY);
   set_entity_property(self, "open", false)
else
   play_sound("door_open");
   play_animation(self, "open");
   replace_navigation(self, INTERACT_ONLY, WALK_AND_INTERACT);
   set_entity_property(self, "open", true)
end
</code>

{{:wiki:door_script_example.gif?nolink|}}

====Method 2: Modify Navigation====
For the improved version using the [[Modify Navigation]] method, let's assume we are using a different type of door that swings open, as shown in the image below. In the [[script]], the navigation between "door_tile" and "tile02" is set to the type of "Interact Only" when the door is open due to the way its model swings inward. This prevents the player from walking through the door when it's open.

{{:wiki:door_tile_ids_02.png?nolink|}}
<code lua>
if self.property["open"] == true then
   play_sound("door_close");
   play_animation(self, "close");
   modify_navigation("door_tile", "tile01", INTERACT_ONLY);
   modify_navigation("door_tile", "tile02", WALK_AND_INTERACT);
   set_entity_property(self, "open", false)
else
   play_sound("door_open");
   play_animation(self, "open");
   modify_navigation("door_tile", "tile01", WALK_AND_INTERACT);
   modify_navigation("door_tile", "tile02", INTERACT_ONLY);
   set_entity_property(self, "open", true)
end
</code>

Scripting [[object|objects]] like doors is a great way to learn more about the RPG in a Box [[script_syntax|scripting language]]. There are often multiple methods to accomplish the same functionality and there isn't necessarily a right or wrong approach. As with many other concepts, the best way to learn is to experiment with different setups and determine what works best for you and the particular game that you're creating. Have fun!
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